目 录
摘要··········································································································· 1
关键词······································································································· 1
前言··········································································································· 2
1. 激励机制的内涵及作用········································································ 3
1. 1激励机制的内涵·············································································· 3
1. 2激励机制的作用·············································································· 3
2. 酒店业激励机制存在的问题································································· 3
2. 1思想情感激励不到位······································································· 3
2. 2绩效考核激励不健全······································································· 3
2. 3职务晋升激励不合理······································································· 4
2. 4惩罚方式不合理·············································································· 4
3. 解决酒店业激励机制的具体措施························································· 4
3. 1增加凝聚力,打造“员工之家”···················································· 4
3. 2建立健全的绩效考核制度······························································· 4
3. 3完善职务晋升激励的对策······························································· 5
3. 4将惩罚变激励·················································································· 5
4. 激励机制的创新···················································································· 6
4. 1雇佣保障——让员工感受职业安全 ·············································· 7
4. 2系统培训——让员工持续充电······················································· 7
4. 3即时支付——让员工感受及时雨···················································· 7
4. 4小型激励——让员工乐不思蜀 ······················································ 7
4. 5心理契约——让员工有意外收获 ·················································· 7
4. 6联络家属——让大家、小家成为一家 .········································· 7
4. 7充分尊重——让员工在平等中进取 ·············································· 7
4. 8员工职业生涯规划·········································································· 7
5.总结········································································································ 8
参考文献···································································································· 9
摘 要 酒店业面临的最大困惑之一就是人才流失,特别是频繁的核心人员跳槽。这与酒店采取的激励手段的有效性不足是密切相关的。当前国内酒店业中普遍存在着激励方式重点不突出、对象不明确(如对不同层次员工的激励)、缺乏力度,机制单一,重物质轻精神等问题
。因此本文从内涵及作用、存在问题、具体措施、以及激励创新四个方面又结合了麦当劳人力资源管理的实际情况,对现代酒店管理中的激励机制做了初步的研究。
关键词: 酒店管理 激励机制 创新
前 言
激励是人力资源的重要内容,它是心理学的一个术语,指激发人的行为的心理过程。激励这个概念用于管理,是指激发员工的工作动机,也就是说用各种有效的方法去调动员工的积极性和创造性,使员工努力去完成组织的任务,实现组织的目标。因此,酒店实行激励机制的最根本的目的是正确地诱导员工的工作动机,使他们在实现组织目标的同时实现自身的需要,增加满意度,从而使他们的积极性和创造性继续保持和发扬下去。由此也可以说激励机制运用的好坏在一定程度上是决定酒店兴衰的一个重要因素。如何运用好激励机制也就成为各个酒店面临的一个十分重要的问题。
1. 激励机制的内涵及作用
1.1激励机制的内涵
激励一般是指一个有机体努力追求某些即定目标的意愿程度,其目的在于满足有机体的某些需要。激励机制,是指组织系统中,激励主体通过激励因素或激励手段与激励客体之间相互作用的关系的总和,也就是指企业激励内在关系结构、运行方式和发展演变规律的总和。
激励机制包含两个要素:第一,发现他需要什么,然后用这个事物作为员工完成工作的报酬。第二,确定他的能力是否可能完成这项工作,也就是说,需要和能力是实现激励功能的两个要素。激励并不是无条件地简单满足员工的任何需要,而是要以能在一定程度上导致组织绩效提高的方式来满足员工的需要,要对需要满足的方式和程度予以控制。例如员工在上班时间有社交需要,他可能会擅离职守去会友来满足这种需要,这种需要的满足不仅不会导致组织绩效的提高,反而对组织有害。而且有些需要被过度满足后反而会导致绩效下降。
1.2激励机制的作用
1.2.1激励机制的助长作用
激励机制的助长作用是指一定的激励机制对员工的某种符合组织期望的行为具有反复强化、不断增强的作用,在这样的激励机制作用下,组织不断发展壮大,不断成长。总经理们称这样的激励机制为良好的激励机制。当然,在良好的激励机制之中,肯定有负强化和惩罚措施对员工的不符合组织期望的行为起约束作用。激励机制对员工行为的助长作用给管理者的启示是:管理者应能找准员工的真正需要,并将满足员工需要的措施与组织目标的实现有效的结合起来。
1.2.2 激励机制的致弱作用
激励机制的致弱作用表现在:由于激励机制中存在去激励因素,组织对员工所期望的行为并没有表现出来。尽管激励机制设计者的初衷是希望通过激励机制的运行,能有效的调动员工的积极性,实现组织的目标。但是,无论是激励机制本身不健全,还是激励机制不具有可行性,都会对一部分员工的工作积极性起抑制作用和削弱作用,这就是激励机制的致弱作用。在一个组织当中,当对员工工作积极性起致弱作用的因素长期起主导作用时,组织的发展就会受到限制,直到走向衰败。因此,对于存在致弱作用的激励机制,必须将其中的去激励因素根除,代之以有效的激励因素。
2. 我国酒店业激励机制存在的问题
酒店业的竞争,归根结底是人才的竞争。管理的核心问题,是人的问题。但是我国酒店业现行的激励机制中存在以下几点问题:
2.1 思想情感激励不到位
主要表现为思想政治工作方法简单。在实际工作中,一些酒店只注重集体教育和批评帮助,而忽视了经常性、针对性地开展谈心活动,对员工思想动态掌握得少,不善于及时发现苗头性和倾向性问题,“暖人心、聚人心”的工作做得不够,导致在管理者中缺乏一定的凝聚力和战斗力。
2.2 绩效考核激励不健全
近几年我国一直在不断的完善各种考核机制,但是这是一个系统而庞大的工程,不是一天两天的事,需要我们在实际工作中不断的发现和解决问题,不断的去补充的完善。在现在的考核激励中,仍有一小部分考核的结果没有真正与员工的任用、奖惩、交流、培训挂钩,奖金分配没有真正拉开档次,吃“大锅饭”的现象依然存在,体现不出按劳分配、“能者多劳多得”的原则。
2.3职务晋升激励不合理
在员工提拔使用上,没有真正形成能上能下、能进能出的激励机制。一些部门在对员工的使用上,轮岗、交流、待岗等制度执行还不到位,出现一些员工该换岗的不换岗,一些不想干事的员工该待岗学习的不待岗学习。这样,不仅工作能力差的员工得不到锻炼提高,而且对有能力干事、想干成事的员工影响很大,同时也不利于调动员工的积极性。
2.4 惩罚方式不合理
纵观酒店行业的规章制度,关于惩罚的汗牛充栋,而关于奖励的却屈指可数。反映到实际工作中便是正强化的手段少,负强化的手段多。这样一来,管理人员和一线同事非常容易产生对立甚至对抗。
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